morrison masonic lodge #76
free & accepted masons
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history of morrison lodge
History of Morrison Lodge, No. 76
Draft-Sept 2007
On August 25-30, 1823, the Thirty-First Grand Communication of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky was held in Lexington, Kentucky. There, the death of James Morrison, Past Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, was noticed and charters were ordered for two new lodges: Morrison Lodge, No. 76 at Elizabethtown, Ky. and Golden Square Lodge, No. 77, at Cynthiana, Ky. It is assumed that Morrison Lodge, No. 76 got its namesake from the above mentioned James Morrison.
Colonel James Morrison was born Pennsylvania in 1755. A veteran of the American Revolution, he served as one of Daniel Morgan's Select Corps of Riflemen. Morrison moved to Lexington, Kentucky in 1792 and would go on to serve in a variety of respectable positions including: Land Commissioner, Representative in the Legislature, Supervisor of the revenue, Navy Agent, Contractor for the North-western Army during the war of 1812, Quarter-Master-General, President of the Lexington Branch of the United States Bank, and Chairman of the Board of Trustees of Transylvania University.
James Morrison played a pivotal role in the formation of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky. At the convention of the five lodges that formed the Grand Lodge on October 16, 1800, James Morrison, the oldest past master present, was appointed chairman and assigned the other officers. The lodge then proceeded to hold the elections of the first grand officers. William Murray was elected the first Grand Master. Morrison was elected the second Grand Master from1801-2. He died in Washington, D.C. on April 23, 1823.
In the summer of 1844 the Elizabethtown Board of Trustees arranged to purchase a lot for a female seminary and for Morrison Lodge, No. 76. Morrison Lodge would have free use of the second floor of the building, for perpetuity, providing that they gave $650 towards the erection of the building. A lot adjoining the Baptist Church was settled upon for the building site. (Present day corner of Mulberry and Poplar Streets) John Y. Hill built the brick structure. It was torn down in 1913 to construct the present Morrison Lodge Temple.
On August 10, 1853, The New York Times republished a story that appeared in the Louisville Journal on August 3. The story concerns a gunfight in Elizabethtown between Past Master Bryan Rust Young and his brother-in-law, Thomas D. Brown.
ELECTION AFFRAY IN KENTUCKY.-The Louisville Journal, of date Aug. 3, publishes the following account of an affray between THOS. D. BROWN and HON. B.R. YOUNG:
ELIZABETHTOWN, Ky., Aug. 1, 1853.
The election to-day has been a secondary affair; several difficulties, and lastly, an affray between THOS. D. BROWN, Clerk of the Court, and HON. B.R. YOUNG, exciting more general attention. For some time past a difficulty has existed, produced by family matters, between these two gentlemen, and the friends of each have apprehended it would terminate seriously. To day, while Dr. Young was acting the peace-maker between some others who were quarreling, and had succeeded in quieting them, MR. BROWN approached, and used such aggravating language that Dr. Young drew his pistol, whereupon BROWN retreated, and the Doctor fired at him, some sixty feet distant, the crowd giving way on each side, and leaving an open space. BROWN then rushed back, and when within a few feet, snapped a pistol at YOUNG, (the Doctor having endeavored to shoot again in the meantime, and failing, threw the pistol at BROWN, but missed him.) BROWN then struck the Doctor on the head with his pistol, cutting him to the bone, but they were separated before any further injury was done.
This afternoon as Dr. YOUNG was returning from visiting a patient, stopped on the corner opposite the Eagle House, to speak to some friends, and BROWN, who was opposite, came over evidently to seek difficulty, but was taken away by some friends, and Dr. Y. then walked off from him down to his office, thirty yards distant, where he sat down with some friends. BROWN, a few minutes afterwards, came down, stopped in at a grocery, and then proceeded directly to the Doctor’s office. When within forty feet, the Doctor cocked his pistol and told him to come on. BROWN taking his pistol out and bringing it to bear upon the Doctor, endeavored to go up the steps of the next house, when Dr. YOUNG shot him in the left thigh, shattering the bone very badly, without inflicting a mortal wound. BROWN’s son, a young man of about nineteen, fired at the Doctor, (as his father run down the steps and fell) putting eight or nine small buckshot in the back of the office, they having passed very close to the persons inside, without doing them injury.
BROWN is severely wounded, and probably will have to suffer amputation. It is an unfortunate affair, but the universal opinion is that YOUNG is blameless, and acted in self-defence. [sic]
Bryan R. Young was born in Bardstown, Ky. on January 14, 1800. He graduated from the University of Louisville and practiced medicine in Nelson and Hardin Counties. A member of the Whig party, he was a member of Congress from 1845 to 1847. Young served in the State house of representatives from 1858-59, and from 1861-64. He was also a Master of Morrison Lodge #76 and in 1844 was Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky. Young died on May 14, 1882 and buried in the Elizabethtown Cemetery.
Thomas D. Brown was born on May 31, 1812 and served in the State Legislature in 1841, 1844, and 1845-47. In 1851 he was elected as a circuit court clerk of Hardin County. He was also Bryan R. Young’s brother-in-law, having married Elizabeth Young. The violent incidents that transpired in August 1853 would not be Brown’s last gunfight. On April 7, 1855 Brown got into an altercation with a merchant, W.S. English. Brown was shot and killed by English, who was later found to be innocent of any crime.
Past Grand Master Rob Morris’ 1859 book, The History of Freemasonry in Kentucky, contains a narrative of the history of Morrison Lodge and of Past Grand Master Charles Wintersmith.
Morrison Lodge No. 76, at Elizabethtown, Ky.
Was chartered August 26, 1823, James Barker being first Master. Forfeited previous to August, 1834. Reinstated September, 1841. In 1858 reported 35 members, including Past Grand Master, Charles G. Wintersmith, of whom we offer the following imperfect sketch:
Among those whose Masonic labors have most highly honored his lodge and his order, both in Kentucky, and wherever the literature of the Craft has extended, may be ranked Mr. Charles G. Wintersmith. He was born at Elizabethtown, Kentucky, July 15, 1812. Evincing, at an early age a great fondness for study, after mastering at home the rudiments of an English education, he was first sent to St. Joseph's College, at Bardstown, Kentucky. Here he remained for more than a year, making great proficiency in the classics. After this he entered Center College, where the grade of studies was much higher. He at once took an enviable position in his class. He was noted for his untiring application, which won him the admiration of his teachers, and made him a model of industry for his associates. After reaching the Senior Class, he left Center College, and went to Miami University, at Oxford, Ohio, where he graduated with great honor, in October, 1831.
For nearly two years after he left college, he devoted himself to reviewing many of his academic studies, and to historical and miscellaneous reading.
He began the study of the law at Frankfort, May 1, 1833. Having
selected that as his profession, be was determined not to rest
satisfied with a superficial knowledge of its great principles.
Possessed of a very accurate memory, and rare powers of
investigation, as he progressed, step by step, through the mazes of
that difficult science, not discouraged by its labors, but loving
its mysteries for their very abstruseness, patient research enabled
him to overcome its obstacles, and he comprehended and gathered all
its rich truths in his march. He graduated in the Law Department of
the Transylvania University, in 1837, and entered the bar with a
vast amount of legal information.
He has been four times elected, from his native county, to the lower
branch of the Kentucky Legislature, and was Speaker of that body
during the session of 1853-4. He was always placed on the most
important committees, where labor requiring skill and information,
was to be performed. Whenever he addressed the Assembly, his known
and acknowledged ability always commanded the undivided attention,
and in his speeches are found blended, severity of argument, with
all the graces and embellishments of rhetoric, adorned with
illustrations from history and science. His manner, as a speaker, is
dignified and earnest, and he is remarkable for his courtesy in
debate. He has met with remarkable success as a lawyer, and for the
last twenty years, has been employed in almost every important case
in his circuit. He has not, in his profession, a superior in the
State, and his acquirements eminently fit him for the highest
judicial honors. It would be quite an acquisition to the judiciary
of the country, if the opinions of the Appellate Court could be
enriched by opinions emanating from his pen.
The severities of his jealous profession have not destroyed his
literary tastes, which he has cultivated through all his labors. He
is eminently a scholar, and his familiarity with the Greek and Latin
classics, is truly surprising The song of Homer has music for his
ear. The philosophy of Plato, and eloquence of Demosthenes and
Cicero, have a charm for him. He delights in the wit of Horace, and
loves the sweetness of Virgil. He is versed in all the natural
sciences. His historical reading, we may say, is almost universal,
as he is perfectly at home in speaking of times and events, ancient
or modern.
He was invited, some years ago, to address the Eurodelphian Society
of St. Joseph's College, of which, when a school-boy, he was a
member, and he delivered a most eloquent and appropriate address. We
should be pleased to insert a few extracts from this and other
speeches and writings, but the limited space of this article
forbids.
Mr. Wintersmith is a very forcible writer. His style is chaste and
powerful. He is a man, also, of fine social qualities. He has a
pleasant address, and in his manners, is unassuming and unobtrusive.
His life has been one of great usefulness and honor, and such men
make commonwealths great.
We offer some of the statistics of this fine old Lodge as a valuable appendage to this history:
| When Elected | Master | Senior Warden | Junior Warden |
| Disp'n, Jan. 2, 1823 | James Barker | Ben. Helm | Wm. S. Young |
| Char. Aug. 26, 1823 | " " | " " | " " " |
| Elec. Dec. 27, 1824 | Ben. Helm | Thomas Johnson | B.R. Young |
| " June 24, 1825 | Thomas Johnson | B.R. Young | John Morris |
| " Dec. 27, 1825 | B.R. Young | W.M. Dunavan | Arthur Park |
| " June 24, 1826 | Thomas Johnson | " " " | " " |
| " Dec. 27, 1826 | " " | Thomas Parcels | John Hill |
| " June 24, 1827 | " " | " " | " " |
| " Dec. 27, 1827 | John Morris | Sam’l. Haycraft | Thos. J. Wathen |
| Vacancy in Records. | |||
| " June 24, 1841 | B.R. Young | W.M. Dunavan | Thomas Parcels |
| " Dec. 27, 1841 | W.M. Dunavan | Thomas Parcels | Valentine Yates |
| " June 24, 1842 | B.R. Young | Valentine Yates | John Delahunt |
| " Dec. 27, 1842 | C. G. Wintersmith | John Delahunt | Wm. L. Morris |
| " June 24, 1843 | Harvey Slaughters | S.V. Leedom | James. M. Smith |
| " Dec. 27, 1843 | S.V. Leedom | J. W. Smith | John A. Rain |
| " June 24, 1844 | C. G. Wintersmith | John Delahunt | Wm. D. Vertrees |
| " Dec. 27, 1844 | John Delahunt | Wm. D. Vertrees | Wm. S. Young |
| " June 24, 1845 | James W. Smith | James W. Hays | R.C. Wintersmith |
| " Dec. 27, 1845 | James W. Hays | ||
| " June 24, 1846 | Wm. M. Dunavan | John Delahunt | W.C. Gray |
| " Dec. 27, 1846 | John Delahunt | W.C. Gray | James Dewitt |
| " June 24, 1847 | James W. Hays | James Dewitt | F. Fraize |
| " Dec. 27, 1847 | James Dewitt | D.C. Cully | J. B. Slack |
| " June 24, 1848 | C. G. Wintersmith | J. B. Slack | G.W.F. Strickler |
| " Dec. 27, 1848 | James W. Hays | W.C. Gray | F. Fraize |
| " June 24,1849 | W.C. Gray | T.H. Duncan | S.V. Leedom |
| " Dec. 27,1849 | T.H. Duncan | G.W.F. Strickler | Wm. Vertrees |
| " June 24,1850 | Wm. M. Dunavan | W.D. Vertrees | Hy. Bell |
| " Dec. 27,1850 | " " " | W.C. Gray | T.H. Duncan |
| " June 24,1851 | W.C. Gray | T.H. Duncan | James Dewitt |
| " Dec. 27,1851 | T.H. Duncan | James Dewitt | G.W.F. Strickler |
| " June 24,1852 | James Dewitt | G.W.F. Strickler | W.C. Gray |
| " Dec. 27,1852 | Wm. M. Dunavan | W.C. Gray | H.G. Wintersmith |
| " June 24,1853 | " " " | " " " | L. Hewitt |
| " Dec. 27,1853 | W.C. Gray | L. Hewitt | S. Elliot |
| " June 24,1854 | L. Hewitt | S. Elliot | B.H. Helm |
| " Dec. 27,1854 | S. Elliot | James Dewitt | G.W. Howard |
| " June 24,1855 | Wm. M. Dunavan | T.H. Duncan | W.C. Gray |
| " Dec. 27,1855 | T.H. Duncan | J.R. Mock | R.D. Georghegan |
| " June 274,1856 | L. Hewitt | C.G. Smith | G.W.F. Strickler |
In 1844 the Trustees of the Seminary purchased a
lot for $300, and the lodge, aided by a subscription by individuals,
built a Seminary and Masonic Hall of brick, two stories high, 40 by
60 feet in size. Of this Trustees paid $50; individuals, $927; the
lodge, $1,625-making $2,500.
In 1860, Morrison Lodge was incorporated.
CHAPTER 1023.
AN ACT to incorporate Morrisson Lodge[sic], No. 76, at
Elizabethtown, in Hardin
county.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky:
§ 1. That the members of Morrisson Lodge, No. 76, of Free and Accepted Masons, of the town of Elizabethtown, in Hardin county, be, and they are hereby, created a body politic and corporate, by the name and style of Morrisson Lodge, No. [76] with perpetual succession; and by that name shall be capable of contracting and being contracted with, of suing and being sued, upon all contracts hereafter to be made or liability incurred ; that any contract heretofore made by said lodge, through an individual member thereof, be, and the same is hereby, legalized, and may be sued on by said lodge, and collected as contracts between individuals; of pleading and being impleaded, of purchasing and holding all such real and personal estate as may be required for the use of said lodge; to receive all necessary conveyances; to sell, convey, and dispose of all such real or personal estate as they may have or hereafter acquire: Provided, The amount vested in real estate, exclusive of buildings thereon, shall at no time exceed ten thousand dollars.
§ 2. That the management of the concerns of said corporation shall be, and is hereby, confided to the master, senior and junior wardens of said lodge, and their successors in office, as trustees thereof, who, or a majority of them, shall have power to make all contracts pertaining to the real or personal estate of said lodge; and service of notice or process on any two of said trustees shall be sufficient notice to said corporation.
§3. That said trustees named in the second section of this act shall hold their offices until their successors are duly elected: Provided, That said board of trustees shall have power to fill vacancies in their own body, and pass such by-laws, rules, and regulations, not inconsistent with the laws of this State, as may be necessary to the management and safe-keeping of the property and other interests of the lodge; and may have and use a common seal, and change it at pleasure ; and in conveying real estate it shall be necessary for the whole board of trustees to join in such conveyance.
§ 4. The Legislature reserves to itself the right to change or repeal, alter or amend this act at pleasure.
§ 5. This act to take effect from its passage.
Approved March 1, 1860.
During the Civil War, Federal Soldiers stationed in Elizabethtown visited Morrison Lodge. The lodge had members who served during the War Between the States. Among them are three men who served as officers in the Confederate Army: Ben Hardin Helm, Fayette Hewitt, Virgil Hewitt, and Martin Hardin Cofer.
Confederate General Benjamin Hardin Helm, son of Governor John Larue Helm, was raised in Morrison Lodge. Born in 1831, he graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1851. After resigning from the Army Helm became an attorney and served in the Kentucky State legislature from 1855-56 and was the state attorney from 1856-58. In 1856 he became the brother-in-law of Abraham Lincoln after marrying Mary Todd Lincoln’s half sister, Emilie. In 1861 he joined the Confederate Army and was promoted to brigadier-general in 1862. Helm was given command of the famous "Orphan Brigade" soon after. This brigade was comprised of pro-southern Kentuckians who found themselves away from Union controlled Kentucky. He was mortally wounded while leading his brigade at the Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia on September 20, 1863.
Fayette Hewitt, also known as Lafayette Hewitt, served as Master of Morrison Lodge in 1854, 1856 and 1866, and 1867. In 1861 he took the position of postmaster general of the Confederacy. That fall he was appointed acting adjutant-general and was assigned to the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate Army. In March, 1863, he was ordered to the staff of General John C. Breckinridge, in the Army of Tennessee and later was assigned to duty as the acting adjutant-general of the "Orphan Brigade" Hewitt remained with the "Orphan Brigade" throughout the rest of the war and surrendered with them in May 1865. After the war he returned to Elizabethtown and for a brief time was principle of the Elizabethtown Female Academy. Afterwards he began practicing law. Hewitt was appointed quartermaster general of Kentucky by Governor John L. Helm in 1867. He remained in that position for nine years. In 1879 he became auditor of the State. In 1889 he resigned that position to become president of the State National Bank of Kentucky.
Fayette Hewitt’s brother, Virgil, was an officer in Morrison Lodge. He also served in the Confederate Army as a Lieutenant, and later adjutant, of the 6th Kentucky Infantry. During the 1864 Atlanta Campaign he was wounded twice, was discharged and sent home. After the war he served as Hardin County Clerk.
Confederate Colonel Martin Hardin Cofer served as Master of Morrison Lodge in 1860 and 1867. Before the Civil War, Cofer was an attorney and editor of the local newspaper, Elizabethtown Democrat. In 1860 he was elected Captain of an Elizabethtown infantry company of the Kentucky State Guard. During the Civil War Cofer was Colonel of the 6th Kentucky Infantry, a regiment he helped form. He was severely wounded at the battle of Shiloh, Tennessee, but recovered to take to the field with his regiment again. Cofer was promoted to Provost Marshall-General of the Army of Tennessee in September 1863. The Elizabethtown chapter of the Sons of Confederate Veterans is named in his honor. After the Civil War, Cofer returned to Elizabethtown and resumed his law practice. In 1870 he was appointed circuit court judge and elected the following year for another term. That year Judge Cofer became the first judge in Kentucky to allow a black man to testify against a white during a trial. He was elected judge of the Court of Appeals in 1874. He died on May 22, 1881 at the age 49.
Kentucky Governor John Larue Helm was a Past Master (no return, 1835-36) of Morrison Lodge, No. 76. The 1868 published biography of Helm, Biographical Sketch of the Hon. John L. Helm, Late Governor of Kentucky, best described the role Morrison Lodge, No. 76 had in his funeral on September 11, 1867.
The funeral took place on the 11th. The morning train from
Louisville had brought a large number of friends of the lamented
dead. Crowds came in from the country to witness the last funeral
rites over the remains of their fellow-citizen, who had in his
life-time shown himself to be so sincerely their friend, and the
consistent advocate of their interests. They came to show their
respect for the man, and to do honor to the office to which the
people had so recently elevated him. Most of the State officials who
had come to his inauguration were present at his funeral. The scene
in and about Elizabethtown was mournfully impressive and deeply
respectful to the deceased. Upon every face was depicted the
sincerest grief. The court-house and many other buildings, public
and private, were draped in black, and, at several points, the
avenues through which the procession was expected to pass were
crossed by festoons of crape. The church bells tolled their measured
knell, as if speaking from their mid-air steeples to a sorrowing
world. The members of Morrison Lodge, No. 76, of the Masonic
Fraternity, to which the late Governor had been attached, headed by
a band playing a funeral dirge, and followed by a large concourse of
citizens and strangers, formed in procession and slowly marched from
the town to Helm Place.
A march of a mile and a quarter brought the procession to the family
mansion of the deceased Governor. So immense was the concourse that
comparatively few could gain admission to the house. The State
officials, the clergy, the pall-bearers, and some others, gathered
with the bereft family around the form of the Governor, now "hearsed
in death," and after many last fond looks upon his placid, memorable
features, the funeral service of the Methodist Episcopal Church was
begun. This service was brief and simple, but indelibly affecting.
It consisted in the reading of the 19th Psalm, the 15th Chapter of
Paul to the Corinthians, and the offering of a singularly
appropriate and eloquent prayer-all by the Rev. A. L. ALDERSON, of
the Methodist Episcopal Church, South.
After the exercises at the residence, the procession was
reorganized. The corpse was taken in charge by the Masonic
pall-bearers, and by them conveyed in the prescribed order of march
to the family burying-ground, on a commanding eminence distant from
the house about one thousand yards. When the rites of the church
were concluded at the grave, the honors of Masonry, in all their
imposing solemnity, were conferred by Worshipful Master FAYETTE
HEWITT, Rev. E. B. SMITH, Masonic Chaplain, and the brethren in
attendance. And thus closed the final tributes of love and respect.
to the memory of Kentucky's fallen chief.
TRIBUTE BY MORRISON LODGE.
WHIEREAS, It has pleased the Supreme Grand Master to summons from
our midst our much esteemed brother, JOHN L. HELM, whose virtues
have long been the pride of his Lodge, and whose shining example of
uprightness and
integrity has been a jewel in the Temple of Universal Masonry; be it
1. Resolved, That while the coffin, the spade, and the
melancholy grave, remind us that our brother has gone from the
portals of our Lodge forever, we will treasure up in our hearts the
recollection of his many manly virtues, and of his noble nature, and
strive to imitate his worthy example of high morality and unselfish
generosity.
2. That in the death of him we mourn to-day this Lodge has lost a
true and noble member, whose high morality and dignified and lofty
character made him one of the shining lights of the Order; his
family has lost a kind and devoted
husband and father; this community one it has ever delighted to
honor, and who never proved untrue to the trust reposed in him; the
State has lost a Chief Magistrate whose long experience in her
affairs, and unbending integrity and lofty patriotism in every place
of public trust, gave the highest guarantee of a prosperous and just
administration; the nation has lost a patriot and a statesman who
had few superiors in intellect, and few equals in integrity of
purpose.
3. That we tender to his stricken family the most sincere sympathy
in this dark hour of their sorrow and affliction. Though he is gone
from them and us, he will live long in the recollection of those who
knew him, and who will delight to honor his name and his memory.
4. That a copy of these resolutions be furnished the family of our deceased brother, and also to the press of the State for publication.
In 1868 Kentucky freemason and author, Robert Morris, made a pilgrimage to sites in the Middle East associated with Masonic history. While there, he had an opportunity to make a lasting memorial to Morrison Lodge No. 76. In his book, Freemasonry in the Holy Land, Morris describes the location in which he chiseled this dedication.
About-half way between Beyrout and Gebal, and close to the road, there is a beautiful sheet of water styled Junia Bay (the word Junia meaning a plain). Near the middle of the curve of this bay stands a large Stone Column, broken in the midst, the lower part about ten feet long, yet standing erect, originally erected probably as a Eoman milestone. Upon this I engraved with my chisel the memorial Square and Compass, cutting it in the sea-ward side, so that ordinary travelers may not observe it, and dedicated it to the lodges at Des Moines, Iowa, who gave me such a royal reception, Thanksgiving night, 1867; Elizabethtown, Kentucky, and Dubuque, Iowa. If ever those members come along this way, as I hope some of them will let them stop and see how upon the face of the everlasting rock here I imprinted this mark of loving remembrance.
Members of Morrison Lodge have met at the same location, on the corner of Mulberry and Poplar Streets, since 1844. Their current building was constructed in 1913. This prominent three story structure, located near downtown Elizabethtown, was constructed in the Arts and Crafts architecture style. With the exception of replacement front doors, there has been little alteration to the exterior of this structure. This building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places, the Nation's official list of cultural resources worthy of preservation.
[1] Rob Morris, The History of Freemasonry in Kentucky (Louisville: Rob Morris, 1859), 248.
[1] Rev. Robert Davidson, D.D., History of the Presbyterian Church in the State of Kentucky; with a Preliminary Sketch of the Churches in the valley of Virginia (New York: Robert Carter, 1847), 306.
[1] James Moore and Cary L. Clarke, Masonic constitutions, or, Illustrations of Masonry / compiled by the direction of the Grand Lodge of Kentucky, and adopted by them for the regulation and government of the subordinate lodges under their jurisdiction ; with an appendix containing remarks on the degrees of Master mark masons, Super excellent master, and Royal arch masons (Lexington: Daniel Bradford, 1808), 33.
[1] Concise history of Lexington Lodge No. 1, F. & A.M., November 17, 1788-1913 : showing, without rhetorical fog, the spirit of the work in Lexington for the past century and a quarter (Lexington: Guy Johnson Printing, Co., 1913), 10.
[1] Minute Book of the School Trustees, Hardin Academy, 1799-1856 Transcription from the Brown-Pusey House, Elizabethtown, KY.
[1] Daniel E. McClure, Jr., Two Centuries in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. (Elizabethtown: Hardin County Historical Society, 1979), 287.
[1] New York Times, August 10. 1853.
[1] Biographical Directory of the United States Congress; http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp [Accessed 7 September 2007]
[1] Charles Whitlock Moore, The Freemasons' Monthly Magazine (Boston: Tuttle & Dennett, 1844), 63.
[1] Daniel E. McClure, Jr., Two Centuries in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. (Elizabethtown: Hardin County Historical Society, 1979), 626.
[1] Lewis Collins, History of Kentucky Vol. 1, (Covington: Collins & Co., 1878), 74.
[1] Morris, The History of Freemasonry in Kentucky, 479-481.
[1] Acts of the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Passed at the Session which was begun and held in the city of Frankfort on Monday, the Fifth Day of December, 1859 and ended on Monday the Fifth Day of March, 1860. Vol. II (Frankfort: Kentucky Yeoman Office, 1860)
[1] Morrison Lodge, No. 76, F & AM records.
[1] Thomas Marshall Green, Historic Families of Kentucky (Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co. 1889), 219-220.
[1] John J McAffey, Kentucky Politicians, Sketches of representative Corn-Crackers and other Miscellany (Louisville: Press of the Courier Journal Job Printing Company, 1886), 85-86.
[1] The Cyclopedia of American Biography, vol. 11 (New York: James T. White & Company, 1901), 218.
[1] Elizabethtown News October 28, 1869
[1] Confederate Soldiers Buried in the Elizabethtown City Cemetery. www.tourEtown.com [accessed 12 Sept. 2007]
[1] George W. Hawes, George W. Hawes’ Kentucky State Gazetteer and Business Directory, for 1859 and 1860. (Louisville: G.W. Hawes, 1859), 86.
[1] Ed Porter Thompson, History of the Orphan Brigade 2nd ed (Reprint Dayton, Ohio: Morningside, 1991), 423-428.
[1] Daniel E. McClure, Jr., Two Centuries in Elizabethtown, Kentucky. (Elizabethtown: Hardin County Historical Society, 1979), 271-272.
[1]Biographical Sketch of the Hon. John L. Helm, Late Governor of Kentucky (Frankfort: Kentucky Yeoman Office, 1868), 97-98.
[1] Ibid, 106-107.
[1] Robert Morris, LL.D., Freemasonry in the Holy Land (Chicago: Published for the Author, Knight & Leonard, printers, 1876), 129.